Lateral geniculate nucleus Free Essay Example, 1000 words

Lateral geniculate nucleus The lateral geniculate nucleus is transmission center for visual data that is received from the retina. It happens to both eyes and it takes place in the hemisphere of the brain (Goodale and Milner, 2005). In relation to the following definition, this paper will cover the historical view of the system, based on research and followed by the findings compared to how the system is viewed in the modern world. There have been arguments based on the findings, for example arguments on whether the lateral geniculate nucleus has layers, and if it really has, then how many layers are there and does the number of layers affect the specific species that is being researched? The most important aspect, therefore, is to understand what lateral geniculate nucleus is, how its findings have evolved examples of species sampled and the actual findings in the difference between the historic view and modern view. Lateral Geniculate Nucleus Studies carried out show that in nonhuman primates visual deprivation commencing at different ages have different effects on cells in the magnocellular and pervocellular laminae of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). We will write a custom essay sample on Lateral geniculate nucleus or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now According to Goodale and Milner (2005), lateral geniculate nucleus is a primary system where visual information is sent to the eye from the retina. All this activity happens in the hemisphere of the brain. The LGN acts as the site where ganglion cell axons synapse with neurons which in turn form optic radiations. The visual pathways are mainly described by ophthalmoscopic findings, distinct papillary and visual fields. Such findings make it possible and easy for a person to understand and locate the accurate area where the visual pathway is (Fulton, 2004). Within the LGN there is the thalamus which plays an important role in deciding the sensory information that is transmitted to the cortex. It assists in the encoding the receptive fields which carry out more advanced duties like orientation and direction selectivity. It is important to note that there have been recent findings that have shown that there are other set of retinal ganglion cells proj ected to the Lateral geniculate nucleus. The LGN of a human and old primate contains six layers, these layers are numbered from number one to six ventrally. There are other primates which have two pairs of a LGN with two layers of pervocellular, whereby one layer receiving information from ipsilateral eye and the other receives retinal input from contra lateral eye.

Voltaire s Candide A Critique Of Politics And Religion...

When Franà §ois-Marie Arouet, better known by his pen-name Voltaire, secretly published Candide, ou l Optimisme simultaneously in five European countries in January of 1759, it was met with widespread denouncement due to its controversial content and scandalous portrayal of politics and religion. Nevertheless, the bitingly satirical novel fervently spread throughout Europe and was translated into several more languages, selling tens of thousands of copies within its first year of publication (Barnes). Despite being first categorized as dangerous blasphemy, Candide is now regarded as one of the most influential books of all time. Almost 300 years later, Candide is considered an unparalleled criticism of politics and religion during the Age of Enlightenment. Today, Candide is used in the study of European Enlightenment thinkers and philosophers as a first-hand account of the faults within the value systems of government, religion, and society during the 18th Century. Through its sarcastic portrayal of seemingly absurd customs and traditions, Candide illustrates Europe in all of its flawed glory. As a prominent figure of the Enlightenment, Voltaire sought to publicize his views on society in a digestible, entertaining, and condensed medium like Candide (â€Å"Voltaire†). Written in a period of exile and fear in his life, Candide acted as Voltaire’s biting response to the crushing weight of outdated societal customs. Europe during Voltaire’s era was still a place of censorship andShow MoreRelatedVoltaire s Candide And 17th Century1983 Words   |  8 PagesCandide and 18th Century According to James Schmidt s article Civility, Enlightenment, and Society: Conceptual Confessions of Kantian Remedies, The Enlightenment is routinely characterized as embracing a conception of reason that is held to be insufficiently sensitive to its own limits (Schmidt 421). The term enlighten means to clarify or clear things up, the majority of the time a person would give a reason to enlighten a situation. The Enlightenment period focused majorly on reasoning and

Taking a Look at the Renaissance - 1027 Words

Renaissance is a generally accepted name for the era of great change in culture, art, and architecture which took place in the fifteenth-and sixteenth-century Italy, and then left its mark on the culture of the whole of Europe. During the Renaissance there was a significant shift of universally recognized values. They began to appreciate and recognize the creative possibilities of a human mind, which entailed a lot of consequences. One of them was the spectacular development of the architecture, and the new role of architecture and the architect in society. New forms of secular buildings such as villas, palaces, houses and town halls were exemplified, but most of building activity was centered on sacred buildings like the famed Tempietto by Donatano Bramante. Tempietto is a prime example of Renaissance architecture because not only it represents key characteristics like the simplicity of the composition, symmetry within structure, but it also resurrects precedents of Christian and pa gan origin which were a baseline for many designs during that period. For many reasons the Renaissance began in Italy. In addition to the fact that there existed a rich artistic tradition, Italy was the richest country in Europe at that time. Cities were in bloom, rich merchants and bankers wanted to glorify their names ordering portraits, building magnificent palaces, decorating family chapels. And although the mere presence of such a generous patronage did not have to guarantee the creation ofShow MoreRelatedTaking a Look at the Renaissance572 Words   |  2 Pages Often described as an intellectual movement, the Renaissance was generally defined as an astounding culture of classical antiquity. Although, this period sparked a huge change for people who lived in Europe, many citizens ended up appreciating not only the scholarly achievements and scientific advances among the artists, but also their distinctive and awe-inspiring arts. At last, there had been a sudden explosion involving the culture and the arts in all of European history. Furthermore, thereRead MoreTaking a Look at the Italian Renaissance690 Words   |  3 Pages What did art represent in the Italian Renaissance? Explain the significance of the art in the Renaissance - using examples. Choose one of the artists from each of the eras of the Italian Renaissance: Early Renaissance 1330 -1450 → Donatello, Brunelleschi, Masaccio High Renaissance 1450 - 1500 → Piero della Francesca, Michelangelo, Leonardo Da Vinci Late Renaissance 1500 - 1700 → Raphael, Titian, Carlo Maderno, Artemisia Gentileschi Take notes on the contributions that the artist made to:Read MoreTaking a Look at the European Renaissance Essays1385 Words   |  6 PagesThe foundation for the concept of modern humanism was established during the Renaissance in Europe, which took place during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. The European Renaissance indicates a milestone in the shift of the human thought process. During this time period, people became less focused on matters of theism and more focused on exercising philosophies of reason, individuality, and learning. Numerous people developed an interest in a philosophy known as humanism, also referred toRead MoreThe Renaissance: The Dawning of a New Age Essay1627 Words   |  7 PagesThe age known as the Renaissance began in the fourteenth century. The word Renaissance means rebirth, those alive in this era witnessed the dawning of a new age. It began as a literary movement among the educated and upper-class men in northern Italian cities (Wiesner 210). Writers and artists studied Roman models and Petrarch, a Renaissance writer, proposed a liberal arts curriculum in order to recapture the previous glory of Rome. The philosophy of humanism became popular bringing about the curiosityRead MoreDid Ladies Have A Renaissance Like The Men?1650 Words   |  7 PagesTaking after the Middle Ages in Europe, came the period known as the Renaissance. Renaissance implies resurrection, and it implied the resurrection of antiquated Greek and Roman society for the exclusive class living essentially in Italy around 1350-1650, and incidentally in England in the late sixteenth century, and hardly in France and Northern Europe. Well known from these years were numerous artisans like Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci, and scholars like Machiavelli and Erasmus. RenaissanceRead MoreThe Depiction Of Women During The Renaissance Could Be1727 Words   |  7 PagesThe depiction of women during the Renaissance could be described as varied, if we were to vi ew the changes of the role of women during this time as distinct and diverse. This train of thought, though, would be doing a disservice to women as, although certain aspects on women’s position in society did change during the Renaissance, it shouldn’t be observed as a great stride in the advancement of women, rather it is that women were viewed only as certain archetypes, whether they were positive or negativeRead MoreWgu Iwt1 Task 11405 Words   |  6 PagesFUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS, METHODS, MODES IN THE HUMANITIES – Task 1 A1 - Renaissance The Renaissance period began in Italy around 1300 and spread throughout Europe during the 1400 and 1500’s. This period signified the beginning path to incredible change in customs, ways of life and institutions that had existed in Europe for almost a thousand years. Many of the new ideas of this period still influence our lives today. The beginning of this period the European countryside was broken up intoRead MoreReligious Art During The Renaissance1200 Words   |  5 Pageschurch. In the fourteenth century, the religious art responded to the crises of the time period. During the Renaissance, artwork shifted to an interest in realism, which can be seen in Raphael’s Madonna and Child with the Young Saint John. The medium for this work of art is oil paint. it was painted in 1500 and is 47 inches in diameter. Raphael was a painter during the Italian Renaissance. He is known for his paintings of the Madonna, each one a little different. He was born on April 6, 1483, inRead MoreTime Capsules from the Renaissance and Baroque Time Periods Essay953 Words   |  4 PagesTwo time capsules were found during renovations of the Basilica of San Lorenzo, Florence. One time capsule dates back to the Renaissance time period. Artifacts in this time capsule included a painting of The Birth of Venus, a lute, drawing of the Florence Cathedral’s dome, and a book called The Decameron. The second time capsule had artifacts from the Baroque time period. Artifacts in this time capsule included a painting of The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp, a stage painting in an operaRead MoreThe Lady With An Ermine1141 Words   |  5 PagesCzartoryski bought the piece for Princess Izabella. She did not like the painting very much. â€Å"If it s a dog, it s a very ugly one† she remarked. Taking a dis liking to the blue background, she had it urgently repainted jet black. The Lady with an Ermine, a famous painting with a mysterious title, is significant because it is one of a handful of Renaissance portraits completed by Leonardo da Vinci (he struggled with finishing paintings), and the ermine has several meanings to it, so you can choose what

Culture in India free essay sample

In doing research, I found the following information to be of great value when doing business in India. Personal space in not a concept that the Indians have thoroughly developed in their country (Moxon, 1998). They are very curious people and will start a conversation with you the moment they see you. They will ask many questions including questions of a personal nature (Mathew, 1996). Indians like to touch. Two very important tips for when dealing with touch. 1 never squirm for it is offensive to resist the personal and human touch of friendship. #2 never shake hands, touch or sit close or next to a woman (Mathew, 1996). The most modern women may find it culturally insensitive to greet them any way other than the word â€Å"namaste† (Mathew, 1996). Some social behaviors in India may be interpreted as inappropriate or rude in the United States. For example, spitting, belching, passing gas, picking your nose or even using the bathroom in public is accepted as a norm (Moxon, 19 98). We will write a custom essay sample on Culture in India or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When eating, you may hear more noises coming from their mouth than a barn animal. Indian men will be seen kissing and hugging each other but any for of affection in public between a woman and a man is unacceptable (Moxon, 1998). Here are a few tips in preparing to travel to India. †¢When entering someone’s home or places to worship, take off your shoes. †¢When greeting people, put your hands together like you are praying. †¢Feel free to hold hands with another man. †¢If you want to say â€Å"yes† non-verbally, shake your head like you are saying â€Å"no†. If you want to say â€Å"no† non-verbally, squeeze your eyes closed and slightly shake your head. †¢If you want someone to come to you, wave your hands like you are telling them to go away. (YAV, 2005). †¢Use your right hand for cash transactions. †¢A way to show respect is to touch elderly people’s feet. †¢Hospitality is second nature to the Indians (Mathew , 1996). Finally, Indians love conversation, discussions and speeches (Mathew, 1996). Business is one topic they really enjoy. I am sure your trip will be an enlightening experience that will bring much business from India.